Fluid Accumulation in the Ear and Ear Tube Insertion

“What is fluid accumulation in the ear and why does it occur?

Fluid accumulation in the ear, known as otitis media with effusion or serous otitis, refers to the buildup of fluid in the middle ear cavity, behind the eardrum, without high fever or severe pain. It can occur after upper respiratory tract infections like colds, flu, sinusitis, and allergies. In children, it is often associated with enlarged and inflamed adenoids. In adults, fluid accumulation in one ear can sometimes be a sign of masses in the throat region.

What are the symptoms of fluid accumulation in the ear?

Fluid accumulation in the ear is primarily seen in children and is characterized by hearing loss. Signs of hearing loss may include a child not responding to loud sounds and a decline in school performance. In adults, symptoms may include ear fullness, hearing loss, and ringing in the ears (tinnitus).

How is the diagnosis of fluid accumulation in the ear made?

Diagnosis is typically made through an examination using a microscope and camera, which allows the doctor to observe changes in the eardrum such as discoloration, thickening, or retraction. Middle ear pressure tests and hearing tests can also support the diagnosis. A detailed examination of the throat area with cameras may also be necessary.

How is fluid accumulation in the ear treated?

The primary treatment for fluid accumulation in the ear involves medication. Treatment of upper respiratory tract infections is also important. During medication treatment, the patient is closely monitored. If there is no improvement with medication or if hearing loss is significant, surgical intervention may be considered.

Is surgery (ear tube insertion) necessary for fluid accumulation in the ear?

If fluid accumulation in the ear does not improve with medication, surgical treatment may be considered. In children, this surgery is performed under general anesthesia. In adults, it can be done under local anesthesia. During the surgery, a very small hole is created in the eardrum to drain the fluid from the middle ear. The condition of the eardrum and middle ear is assessed during the procedure. For some patients, this procedure alone may be sufficient, while others may require the insertion of ear tubes into the eardrum. In children, the surgery often involves the removal of enlarged or infected adenoids.

What precautions should be taken after ear tube surgery?

Ear ventilation tubes allow for prolonged aeration of the middle ear. After surgery, the ear should be protected from exposure to water. This can be achieved by using petroleum jelly-coated cotton balls or commercially available earplugs during baths and showers. When swimming, a swim cap or earplugs should be used. Ear ventilation tubes, which typically remain in place for an average of 3-6 months and are naturally expelled from the body, can be removed by a healthcare provider if they do not fall out on their own. In cases of chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction, the tubes may need to be left in place for a longer duration. Tubes that do not fall out on their own are usually removed by a physician before the summer season. While most children who have their adenoids removed and ear tubes inserted do not require further tube placement, a small percentage may experience recurrent fluid accumulation in the ear.”