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What is rhinoplasty surgery? Rhinoplasty, commonly referred to as nose job surgery, is a surgical procedure performed to make aesthetic and functional changes to both the external and internal appearance of the nose. Since the surgery often involves addressing the structure that divides the nose into two parts (the septum), it is sometimes called “septorhinoplasty.” Why is rhinoplasty surgery important?…

What is sleep apnea? Sleep apnea is a condition characterized by periods of reduced airflow or complete blockage in the upper airways during sleep, resulting in episodes of interrupted breathing (apnea) along with snoring. During apnea episodes, oxygen levels in the body’s tissues decrease. Many systems in the body, including the cardiovascular system, are affected by sleep apnea. What are…

What is corrective (revision) rhinoplasty surgery? Corrective (revision) rhinoplasty surgeries are procedures performed on individuals who have previously undergone rhinoplasty. Who is a candidate for corrective (revision) rhinoplasty surgery? Patients may require revision rhinoplasty surgery when aesthetic issues confirmed by the patient, their close ones, or a doctor arise despite previous rhinoplasty surgery. In some cases, revision rhinoplasty surgery may…

What is sinusitis, and how does it develop? Sinuses are air-filled cavities located within the facial bones surrounding the nose, which are connected to the nasal passages. Sinusitis, the most common disease affecting the sinuses, is an inflammatory condition of these cavities. It often occurs when the openings of the sinuses become blocked following an upper respiratory tract infection. In…

“Why does the eardrum rupture? The eardrum can rupture due to factors such as infection, trauma (injury), and pressure. It is most commonly seen in chronic middle ear infections. Why is a hole in the eardrum important? A hole in the eardrum eliminates the barrier created by the eardrum between the outer ear and the middle ear, making these two…

What is otosclerosis? Otosclerosis, also known as ear bone disease, can be a genetically inherited condition. While the exact cause is not known, it is believed that hormonal factors and certain viruses may contribute to the disease. In otosclerosis, there is structural calcification and hardening at the base of the stapes bone in the middle ear, which restricts the movement…

What is the larynx? The larynx, commonly known as the voice box, is an organ located above the windpipe (trachea) responsible for speech, breathing, and swallowing functions. The vocal cords are part of the larynx and are situated in the middle section. Cancers can develop in the vocal cords or in regions above and below the vocal cords. Laryngeal cancer…

What is the thyroid gland? The thyroid gland is an organ located in the neck, just in front of the windpipe and esophagus. It regulates metabolism in the body with its hormones. The thyroid gland is highly vascularized and surrounded by many blood vessels. There are also several parathyroid glands, which regulate blood calcium levels with their hormones, located just…

What are salivary glands? Salivary glands include the major salivary glands: parotid (in front of the ear), submandibular (under the jaw), and sublingual (under the tongue). In addition to these, there are hundreds of small salivary glands located widely inside the mouth. What are the common diseases of salivary glands? The main diseases affecting salivary glands are infections, stones, and…

What are adenoids and tonsils? Do all children have them? Adenoids and tonsils are two defense organs located in the mouth and throat area. Adenoids are normally active in every child in the early years of life and tend to grow. Adenoids start to shrink after the age of 6-7. Especially in some children who start kindergarten and preschool and…